White Blood Cell (Stool)

Does this test have other names?

Stool white blood cell test, fecal leukocyte test, FLT

What is this test?

This test looks for white blood cells in your stool. This can help your healthcare provider diagnose the cause of inflammatory diarrhea.

White blood cells, also called leukocytes, are immune system cells that can show up in the stool if you have inflammatory diarrhea. This type of diarrhea may be a symptom of an infection caused by bacteria, such as shigella, Clostridium difficile (C. diff), campylobacter, or salmonella. It may also occur in inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. 

Why do I need this test?

You may need this test if you have inflammatory diarrhea. Symptoms may include:

• Numerous small loose or watery stools

• Blood or mucus in the stool

• Severe cramping or pain in your belly

• Fever

What other tests might I have along with this test?

Your healthcare provider may order other tests that look at the stool for:

• Lactoferrin or calprotectin, which are substances made by certain white blood cells

• Parasites and their eggs (ova)

• Toxins

• Blood (hemoccult test)

Your healthcare provider may also order a stool culture. For this test, a stool sample is checked for bacteria to see if an infection is present. 

What do my test results mean?

Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, and other things. Your test results may be different depending on the lab used. They may not mean you have a problem. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you.

White blood cells in the stool may mean that you have inflammation in your digestive tract. But a negative result doesn't rule out a problem. Some people with these illnesses don't have white blood cells in their stool. 

How is this test done?

Your healthcare provider will give you a special container with a tightly fitting lid to place the stool sample in. If you aren't able to make a stool sample, your provider may collect a sample by inserting a swab into your rectum.

What might affect my test results?

Urine or toilet paper may contaminate the sample, affecting the results. Drinking milk can affect the results.

How do I get ready for this test?

You don't need to prepare for this test, but it's a good idea to tell the healthcare provider about other health problems you may have. Be sure your healthcare provider knows about all medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. This includes medicines that don't need a prescription and any illegal drugs you may use.